In North Carolina Red Spruce grows only on the highest mountain peaks, frequently in association with Fraser Fir (Abies fraseri). The leaves differ from those of fir and hemlock (Tsuga) in that they are needle-like, not flat, and they differ from those of pines (Pinus) in that they are four-sided and borne singly instead of in bundles.

Developing female cones.

Mt. Rogers, Grayson Co., VA 5/28/06.

Male cones.

Mt. Rogers, Grayson Co., VA 5/28/06.

Large tree.

Mt. Rogers, Grayson Co., VA 5/28/06.